考试知识点33 it的使用方法
高考考试频度：★★★★★
考向一 it作人称代词
1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种状况。请看下面的例子
1）I hear you bought a new bike, can you show it to me？
2）If I can sTOP her coming to you, I shall do it.
3）—I want to stay here for a night.
—Your wife won’t like it
此时应该注意与其他代词如that, one, those, this, another等有什么区别：
1.I hear you bought a new bike, I want to buy _______ , too.此处应填one，由于这里我并非要买你的车，而是一辆新车，one ＝a new bike。
2.I have bought a new bike, but I still want to buy _______ .此处应填another。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。another ＝another new bike。
3.We see him when we come to town, but _______ isn’t often.此处填that或it均可。指代前面大家去城里时可以看到他这一状况。
4.My seat is next to _______ of the headmaster.此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the seat。
5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此处应填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数定义，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。
2.也可以指动物
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
3用来指代人。
说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不了解某人性别时，也可用 it，特别在问答的形式中更为容易见到。比如：
—Who is it? —It’s me.
Who is it there? It’s I .
I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
Her face lighted when 
she saw who it was.
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give__________a try.
【答案】it \running
【分析】考查代词或名词的使用方法。大家都要试一试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试一试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.—Who’s that at the door?
—__________ is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
【答案】B
【分析】考查代词的使用方法。句意：——哪个在门外？——是送牛奶的。由于不了解门外的是什么人。故用it指代不了解的人。故选B。
3.If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
【答案】C
【分析】if I can help it意为 ＂假如我有方法＂, 表示有方法做某事, 或有方法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明假如有方法, 不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为 ＂如此＂, 常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
考向二 非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t it?
It is a bit windy.
2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3.指环境: It was very quiet in the café.
4.指距离：It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre.
5指日期：
What’s the date today? It’s the eleventh, October.
6指季节：It is summer now.
7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg
8.指价值：
--- What’s the cosplayt of the dictionary?
---It is sixty-three.
9指温度It’s 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.
—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was _____?
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
【答案】D
【分析】句意： ＂他的第一本书出版了, 并且成了一本畅销书。＂ ＂那是什么时间？＂ ＂那是在2000年他还在上大学的时候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that; it可以指时间、天气、距离等定义。
考向二 作形式主语，替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句
（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句
______________________________该句型中it 是形式主语，真的的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂了解（显然，真的，一定……）＂是主语从句最容易见到的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
__________. 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；因为主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we learn English well.
It is necessary that he remember these words.
__________... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真的主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据了解（据报道，据了解……）＂。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。比如：
It’s said that Tom has come back
from abroad.→People say that Tom has come back from abroad.→He is said to have come back from abroad.
__________该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令…….）
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
It was ordered that we arrive there in two hours.
__________该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去.表示出人预料，常译为＂居然＂。没这种意义时，则不需要虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing happen in your class. 这种事居然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
____________________该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧……
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.看来他很喜欢时尚歌曲。
该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：
He happened to meet his teacher in the street.
He seems to enjoy pop songs very much.
__________
（1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
大家将什么时间举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not.
他能否来开会还不可以确定。
（2）It doesn’t matter（It’s no wonder；It doesn’t make too much difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It doesn’t matter whether we go together or separately.大家一块去还是分开去都可以。
It is no wonder why he came here too late.他为何来这么晚不足为怪
作形式主语替代不定式。容易见到的句型有：
__________ 该句型中的不定式短语是真的主语，假如不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词需要是能表示逻辑主语特点的形容词。 容易见到的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good （好心的）, honest , horrible, kind , lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教养的）, polite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。
It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
__________ 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，假如不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词一般是表示重要程度，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等状况的形容词。 容易见到的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， common， normal， hard， difficult， dangerous， unusual， rare， impossible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she come to the party.
__________该句型中的不定式是真的的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
作形式主语替代ing形式
It is no good / no use/useless doing sth. 该句型中的真的主语是动名词短语。
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.
考向四 作形式宾语，代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。
1. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆便捷大家可称该句型为＂6123结构＂。 6指主句中常见的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真的宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.
1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On our way to the house，it was raining __________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ there.
【答案】to get
【分析】句意：大家忍不住想了解还要多长时间才能到那里。该句中考查了固定使用方法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，用不定式作真的的主语。而句中只不过在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的用法，故答案为to get。
【名师点睛】此题看上去考查非谓语动词，实质也是考查it作形式主语。
2.Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
【答案】C
【分析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她期望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that C.one D.it
【答案】D
【分析】it作形式宾语, to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town作真的的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时, 需移置宾语补语之后, 在原来宾语的地方上用引导词it作形式宾语, 构成 ＂make + it + 形容词或名词+不定式短语＂结构, 从而使句子维持平衡。
2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to，insist on，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊定义，指代后面所叙述的内容。
You may depend on it that I shall always support you.
I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.
I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English.
1.I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. it B. you C. one D. this
【答案】A
【分析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这种从句，需借用it。故选A。
2.How would you like __________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
【答案】D
【分析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，忽然有个人进去，一言不发地关掉电视，你会如何想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______剖析句子结构了解like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
考向五it的要紧句型
1.强调句
①__________ 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语若是人，that可以由who换用。假如把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的办法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is you that /who are wrong.
I think it was Jack said this.
What is it you want me to do?
__________该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到……才……＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
强调句型的两种变形形式：
一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it … that…?
特殊疑问句形式：Who/ Whom /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …?
1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astronaut succeeded ______ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
3）Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇见的是哪个？
Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪儿遇见杰克的？
__________
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but______________________________is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
【答案】A
【分析】It is+被强调部分+that+其他, 强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句等于..., but I object to how she does it。被强调部分是宾语从句, 因此, 用it引导该句式。
__________
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词汇前没介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般目前年代替一般以后时。常译为＂当……的时候，是……＂比如：
It was already 8o’clock when we got home.
It will be midnight when they get there.
It was five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the TOP of the mountain.
It was at five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the TOP of the mountain.
A. since B. when C. that D. until
______________________________
这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生将来到目前或过去所经过的一段时间，意为＂自从……以来已多长时间了＂since 从句后用一般过去时，比如：
It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他爸爸去逝已经有三年了。
It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她离开上海已经15年了
__________
It is time that children went to bed.
It is time you bought a new car.
It is time you made up your mind.
__________该句型要和上一个句型不同开来，该句型中的 that 从句不需要虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。若是一般目前时，后面从句用目前完成时态；若是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换.常译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa.
__________
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词汇（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用一定式，意为＂过多久才……＂。主句的谓语动词是不是定式时，意为＂没过多久就……＂。主句的时态可用过去时was或以后时 will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般目前时。比如：
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart .她没过多长时间就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived.过了很长时间警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will not be hours before we meet again.要不了几个小时大家还会再见面的。
____________________该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为＂看着好象……＂假如与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）
It looks as if he were ill. （没生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
I．单项填空
1.Young people should be independent, and don't take _________for granted that you can depend on your parents when in trouble.
A.one B.it C. this D. that
2.He didn't make _________clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A. this B.it C. that D.one
3.They dislike _________when people do not look at the name cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
A. that B. them C.it D. you
4.We find ______easy to get along with our new teachers here.
A. that B.it C. this D.不填
5.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A. which B.it C. them D. those
6.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A. which B.it C. them D. those
7.The pop singer is talented and elegant. ____ is no surprise that she has so many fans around the world.
A. It B. There C. That D. What
8.We all consider _________significant that we should cancel the order immediately.
A. how B. which C. this D.it
9. _________is required that every employee here be able to use a computer and speak good English.
A. Which B. What C.As D. It
10.—The weather turns out to be fine.
— We can depend on _________ that the goods will be shipped to the flooded area on time.
A.it B./ C. this D. which
II．短文改错
While I was deciding what food to buy in a store, a young man worked there asked me how I was doing. As usual, I told truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thought he was another person who thought I talked too many, and politely excuse himself. I was heading out while he came back and handed to me a beautiful bunch of flowers. Tied to him was a note saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act of this young man almost moved me to tear. It had been an extreme difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came to treat me for kindness.
1.B
【分析】考查代词。句意为：青年应该独立，不可以把遇见困境就依赖爸爸妈妈当作理所当然的事情。take it for granted that…是固定句型，表示“觉得……理所当然”。
2.B
【分析】考查it的使用方法。句意：他没弄了解运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的状况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真的主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的状况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真的宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held，故选B。
3.C
【分析】考查代词。因“主语+ dislike （或like ,prefer, appreciate, hate. Love…）+ it + when/if从句”是固定句型， it 在句中无实义。本句的意思是“当大家不看名片的时候他们不喜欢，所以记住不要不看就把他们放进你的口袋里。”故选C。
4.B
【分析】考查代词it的使用方法。句意：大家发现与大家这里的新老师相处比较容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真的的宾语为后面的不定式结构to get along with our new teachers here。故选B。
5.B
【分析】考查代词。句意：90%最火爆的视频游戏都包括暴力，其中不少是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。
6.B
【分析】考查代词。句意：几乎90%的时尚的视频游戏都包括暴力，不少是很暴力的。用much说明of后面的代词指代不可数名词violence，用it代替，which引导非限制性定语从句，这句话有and，不是定语从句，them和those指代复数名词。故选B。
7.A
【分析】考查it的使用方法。句意：这个时尚歌手很有才，很高雅。她在全世界有这样多的歌迷一点也不让人惊奇。it是形式主语，代指真的的主语从句“that she has so many fans around the world”。
8.D
【分析】句意：大家觉得立刻取消这个订单是十分要紧的。题干是"consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构，此处应用it作形式宾语,真的的宾语是that引导的从句。
9.D
【分析】句意：这里的每位职员都被需要能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干是"It is+过去分词+that…"句型，故用It， It是形式主语，真的的主语是后面that引导的从句。
10.A
【分析】考查代词。句意：——天气放晴了。
——大家可以相信货物将按时运往灾区。依据语境可知，此处缺少depend on的形式宾语，真的的宾语为that从句。故选A。
II．短文改错
【答案】
While I was deciding what food to buy in a store, a young man 
there asked me how I was doing. As usual, I told
truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thought he was another person who thought I talked too 
, and politely himself. I was heading out 
he came back and handed to me a beautiful bunch of flowers. Tied to 
was a note saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act of this young man almost moved me to 
. It had been an 
difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came to treat me 
kindness.
【分析】
第一处：worked→working。考查非谓语动词。依据语境并剖析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为asked，而work与其逻辑主语a young man之间为主谓关系，故应用其目前分词形式working作后置定语。
第二处：truth前加the。考查冠词。tell the truth"说实话"为固定短语。
第三处：many→much。考查副词。此处应用副词much修饰动词talked。
第四处：excuse→excused。考查时态。此处表示"我以为他是又一个感觉我话太多的人，于是礼貌地请求离开"。依据语境及从句中的"and"可知，此处应是excused与上文的was并列作从句的谓语动词，主语均为he，故应用一般过去时。
第五处：while→when。考查连词。此处表示"我正要出去，这个时候他回来了并递给我一束好看的花"。be doing ... when...为固定句型，表示"正在做……，这个时候……"。
第六处：删除handed后的to。考查介词。hand sb. sth.为固定结构，表示"交给某人某物"。
第七处：him→it。考查代词。依据语境可知，此处是指一张便条被系在这束花上，故应用代词it指代a beautiful bunch of flowers。
第八处：tear→tears。考查名词复数。move sb. to tears"使某人感动得落泪"为固定搭配。
第九处：extreme→extremely。考查副词。此处应用副词extremely"很，极其"来修饰形容词difficult。
第十处：for→with。考查介词。treat sb. with sth."以……态度/方法对待……"为固定搭配。